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Singh, Kulwant
- Effects of Process Parameters and Recycled Slag on Flux Consumption in Submerged Arc Stainless Steel Cladding
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lehragaga, Sangrur - 148031, Punjab, IN
2 Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur - 148106, Punjab, IN
1 Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lehragaga, Sangrur - 148031, Punjab, IN
2 Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur - 148106, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 28 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Objective: Slag generated during submerged arc cladding is discarded as waste. It creates problems like environmental pollution, wastage of natural resources and need landfill space for its dumping. A technology for recycling of slag generated during submerged arc cladding of stainless steel was developed. In the present study the effects of process parameters and recycled slag on flux consumption has been studied. Methods/Analysis: The experiments were conducted using fractional factorial design with type of flux (fresh flux/recycled slag) as one of the controllable factors. Mathematical model for flux consumption was developed. Developed model was tested for its adequacy by F-test. The significance of the coefficients was tested by Student’s t-test. The results have been thoroughly analysed and presented graphically. The methodology for recycling the slag has also been discussed briefly. Findings: It was found that flux consumption increases with increase in open circuit voltage, decreases with increase in welding current and remains unaffected of travel speed. The results also proved that recycled slag does not produce any significant effects on the flux consumption. Novelty/Improvement: The work presented in this paper is essentially a novel technology developed by the authors originally. No work carried out by any other researcher on recycling of slag generated during stainless steel welding/cladding and its effects on flux consumption has been reported anywhere in literature.Keywords
Cladding, Factorial Design of Experiments, Flux Consumption, Submerged Arc Welding, Slag Recycling, Stainless Steel.Full Text
- Modeling the Effect of Plate Thickness on Dilution and Bead Height in SAW Process
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Campus Road, Sangrur, Longowal - 148106, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Campus Road, Sangrur, Longowal - 148106, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10, No 5 (2017), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: Dilution and bead height model generation for submerged arc welding and variable plate thickness Methods/Statistical Analysis: Central composite design (rotatable) technique used with Design Expert® software. 32 beads on plate specimen welded with submerged arc welding process. Current, voltage, plate thickness, travel speed and nozzle to plate distance taken as variable to identify the direct and interaction effects of these parameters on dilution and bead height. All weld samples cut from the specimen, polished and etched with 2% Nital solution to observe bead profile on high resolution microscope with 10 X image enhancement for quality measurement of bead parameters. Findings: Plate thickness along with other welding parameters affects the bead profile due to change in heat flow conditions. Variable plate thickness model for bead parameters help us to understand that how the changed heat flow conditions affects bead profile when plate thickness changes. Bead height increase with current and reduce with travel speed. The maximum bead height has been observed with 14 mm plate where bead height is observed 2.94 mm at 325 amperes current and 21.25 m/hr of travel speed while minimum is 1.79 mm for 12 mm plate at 250 Ampere current and 22.50 m/hr travel speed. Higher bead height is observed with thicker plate due heat sinking effect in thickness direction. Percentage dilution is affected by plate thickness along with other parameters, especially when we work with faster travel speed. Application/Improvements: Variable plate thickness model for bead height and dilution for Submerged arc welding represented which can be helpful to identify bead characteristics over a wide range of thicknesses for SAW welded carbon steels.Keywords
Bead Height, Central Composite Design, Dilution, Plate Thickness, Submerged Arc Welding.Full Text
- Predicting Impact Behavior of Friction Stir Welded ZE-41 Magnesium Alloy Joints
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana – 141006, Punjab, IN
2 Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur – 148106, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana – 141006, Punjab, IN
2 Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur – 148106, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 11, No 16 (2018), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: To develop mathematical model for prediction of impact toughness of friction stir welded ZE-41 magnesium alloy joints. Methods/Analysis: Friction stir welded joints were fabricated using five different tool geometries. Total 31 experiments as dictated by central composite design technique with 4 factors, 5 levels were conducted. Model was developed using data obtained from this investigation. F-Test and Student’s t-test were conducted to investigate the adequacy of model. It was found that developed model is adequate. Findings: It can be concluded from the present research that taper cylindrical tool pin produced highest impact toughness as compared with other tool pins used. Threaded cylindrical pin yielded lowest impact toughness of the joint. It was further observed that welding speed have a profound effect on impact toughness. With increment in weld speed impact toughness increased to 4.5J then decreased with further increase in welding speed. Similar trend had been followed when tool rotational speed was varied. Micrographs of stir zone also support above results. Optimum parameters for obtaining maximum toughness had been presented. Application/Improvement: A novel mathematical model useful for prediction of impact toughness for improving the weld quality, commercially useful in aircraft, automotive and consumer electronic sectors.Keywords
Friction Stir Welding, Impact Toughness, Rare Earth, Response Surface Methodology, ZE-41 Magnesium AlloyFull Text
- Recycled Slag Consumption in Submerged Arc Welding and Its Effect on Microstructure of Weld Metal
Abstract Views :227 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Delhi, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 42, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 46-51Abstract
Slag generated during conventional submerged arc weld was collected and processed by replenishing it with suitable alloying elements/deoxidizers by agglomeration. This replenished slag is referred to as recycled slag. Recycled slag in combination with EL-8 filler wire was used in these investigations. The effect of welding parameters on flux (recycled slag) consumption has been investigated. Mathematical model has been developed from the data generated using two level factorial technique. The significance of coefficients and adequacy of developed model have been checked by Students ‘t’ test and F test respectively. The main effects of welding parameters on recycled slag consumption have been presented in graphical form for better understanding. The developed model is useful for controlling and predicting slag consumption in submerged arc welding. The physical behavior of recycled slag during welding was also observed. Microstructure of weld metal was analyzed.
Keywords
Recycled Slag, Submerged Arc Welding, Welding Parameters, Flux Consumption, Microstructure.
- Utilization of Slag as a useful Flux in submerged Arc Welding
Abstract Views :233 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT, Delhi, New Delhi, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT, Delhi, New Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 40, No 3 (2007), Pagination: 31-38Abstract
Slag generated during submerged arc welding is normally thrown away as a waste. This poses the problem of storage, disposal, environmental pollution and needs landfill space apart from exhaust of non-renewable resources. Reusing of slag will not only solve these problems but also be economical. In the present work an attempt has been made to recycle the submerged arc welding slag as a useful flux in the same submerged arc process. Fused slag was processed by replenishing it with suitable alloying elements /deoxidizers, and by agglomeration. This replenished slag is referred to as recycled slag. Recycled slag in combination with EL-8 filler wire was used for welding. The properties of weld metal deposited with recycled slag were evaluated. The mechanical properties were satisfactory and fulfill AWS (American Welding Society) requirements. The chemical composition of weld metal was within the acceptance range of AWS. The test plates cleared the radiographic test. Cost analysis indicates that it is economically viable to use the recycled slag.
- Analytical Study of 2D Integrated Microcantilever Pressure Sensing of Fluid for Healthcare Application
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Authors
Affiliations
1 FlexMEMS Research Center, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India., IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India., IN
1 FlexMEMS Research Center, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India., IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India., IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 71, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 485-492Abstract
The proposed work focusses on the 2D design and modelling of integrated microcantilever in microchannel for the analysis of fluid pressure. In order to compute the microfluidic pressure in microchannel at various angles, fluid structure interaction is analyzed using the finite element method. With a fluid flow rate of 4.33 cm/s, a 2D integrated microcantilever can optimize both fluid pressure and microcantilever deflection. The novelty of the microfluidic pressure sensing mechanism allows pressure of fluid to be sensed in a microchannel without connecting any electrical method such as piezoresistor or piezoelectric approach. The objective of the research is to integrate a microcantilever into a microchannel to reduce setup complexity and procedure cost. Maximum deflection of the 2D T-microcantilever achieved 10.30µm at, pressure at the tip of T-microcantilever 10.89 Pa, fluid velocity 0.00309 m/sec, and Reynolds number is 1.22.Keywords
Microcantilever, Microfluidic, Pressure Sensing, Velocity, T-Microcantilever, Cutoff Position.References
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- Johansson, A., Calleja, M., Rasmussen, P. A., & Boisen, A. (2005): SU-8 cantilever sensor system with integrated readout. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 123, 111-115.
- Saxena, A., Kumar, M., & Singh, K. (2022): Analytical Study of Fluid Pressure-Sensing Mechanism in Microchannel for Microfluidic Device. In Technology Innovation in Mechanical Engineering(pp. 1045-1053). Springer, Singapore.
- Noeth, N., Keller, S. S., & Boisen, A. (2014): Integrated cantilever-based flow sensors with tunable sensitivity for in-line monitoring of flow fluctuations in microfluidic systems. Sensors, 14(1), 229-244.
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- Tezduyar, T. E. (2003): Stabilized finite element methods for computation of flows with moving boundaries and interfaces. Lecture Notes on Finite Element Simulation of Flow Problems (Basic-Advanced Course), Japan Society of Computational Engineering and Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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- Electrolyte in Sodium-ion Battery-Modelling and Simulation
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Manipal University, Jaipur., IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
3 Skill Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram, Haryana., IN
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
1 Department of Chemistry, Manipal University, Jaipur., IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
3 Skill Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram, Haryana., IN
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 71, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 493-501Abstract
The design and manufacturing of energy storage system (ESS) are essential for human society development. India has made significant efforts to improve its energy storage infrastructure. The main elements for energy storage development are batteries i.e., lithium-ion batteries (LIB), lithium air batteries, etc. and supercapacitors. As the lithium resources are specifically located in China, Japan, USA, and Chile, to reduce the dependency on these countries for lithium-ion battery, India must think about alternative material. Sodium-ion battery (SIB) is at the forefront of the development, and it aims at providing low-cost devices less affected to resources. This review paper addresses the fundamental principles, structure and focused on the components of sodium-ion battery. This paper also helps to address the electrolytes used in sodium-ion battery with their design and modelling. Current research and future directions has been discussed in this article for sodium-ion batteries.Keywords
Energy, Batteries, Sodium, Supercapacitors, Development, Electrochemical.References
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- Extraction and Representation of Low-Level Image Features for an Improved CBIR System using PCA Algorithm
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India., IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIIT University Nimrana, Neemrana, India.
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India., IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIIT University Nimrana, Neemrana, India.
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 71, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 523-528Abstract
Fast and efficient picture search in huge image databases has gained widespread acceptance in a variety of applications these days. CBIR (content-based image retrieval) is a method of retrieving pictures that is based on automatically determined image attributes. It uses a variety of unique picture feature extraction approaches to find relevant photos. Even if higher level qualities are used to eliminate semantic gaps in the data that may be obtained from visualised information, there is a disparity in how different people understand graphical information, and these semantic variances are difficult to eliminate. The presented ultra-real-time CBIR system is based on low-level characteristics. Lower level qualities such as colour, texture, and shape are extracted using various approaches in this study, and all of the information is recorded in feature vector representation format, which is then combined to build a unique feature vector. Then, using the Euclidean Distance Similarity Metric, these extracted image characteristics are compared to other image attributes. Using accuracy and recall rates, the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with three current CBIR approaches. When compared to eighteen other ML algorithms, the proposed methodology has reported a greater precision-recall rate and is more efficient.Keywords
CBIR, Neural Network, Machine Learning, PCA Algorithm.References
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- Sensitivity Analysis of Micro-Structured Dielectric Layer of Capacitive Pressure Sensors for Flexible Electronics Applications
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur., IN
2 FlexMEMS Research Centre, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur,India., IN
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur., IN
2 FlexMEMS Research Centre, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur,India., IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 71, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 529-533Abstract
Micro-structuring the surface of the dielectric medium that is sandwiched between the two electrodes of the capacitive pressure sensor (CPS), increases the sensitivity of the sensor compared to, without the microstructure. A thorough analysis of CPS output sensitivity, linearity and relative change in its capacitance are done by introducing micro-structure in the dielectric layer. The designed micro-pyramidal structure on the surface of PDMS dielectric layer shows good linearity over the simulated range of 0-50 k Pa and with a nonlinearity error of 1%. Different types of microstructures are designed and their performance is studied first. The simulated result also compared to dielectric layer without any micro-structure and with vacuum as dielectric layer. Further analysis done by selecting the micro-pyramidal structure and varying its base length and the inter space between the micro-structure. The designed model with surface area=400sq.µm and distance=20µm and pyramidal micro-structure gives 51.4 times increase in sensitivity when compared to the same model without any micro-structure.Keywords
Micro-Structure, Dielectric, Flexible, Performance, Simulation.References
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- Ruitao Tang, Fangyuan Lu, Lanlan Liu, haoran Fu, (2021): Flexible pressure sensor with micro-structures, Wiley online library.
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- M. Li, J. Liang, X. Wang, M. Zhang, (2020): Ultra-Sensitive flexible pressure sensor based on micro structured electrode, Sensors, 20, p. 371
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- Synthesis Technique of Graphene Composite for Energy Storage Devices
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
2 Skill Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram, Haryana., IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
2 Skill Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram, Haryana., IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur., IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 71, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 557-562Abstract
With the rising needs of the energy resources, a lot of work has gone into the growth of the energy storage devices and its technologies. Graphene is known to be the carbon nanomaterial having two dimensional structure (2D), high specific surface area, good mechanical strength, good optical transmittance, larger electronic mobility, ultrahigh electrical conductivity, and exceptional electronic and thermal conductivity. As a result, it is very appealing material for basic energy storage unit for electrochemical devices like supercapacitor, solid-state batteries and flexible electronic devices. Addition of graphene can improve the efficiency, capacity, durability and cyclicity of energy devices. In terms of applications, the benefits of graphene have expanded its use in electroanalytical and electrochemical sensors. However, there is huge literature based on the graphene synthesis by using various techniques and for their application in basic storage unit (cell) are in progress to innovate the graphene structure and its morphologies. In this article, the recent growth in graphene and its materials for the storage devices and conversion applications is reviewed. Also, it predicts the future development in scalable manufacturing as well as other additional energy storage related applications.Keywords
Graphene, Lithium, Electrochemical, Storage, Supercapacitor, Electroanalytical.References
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